SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

ACT Now or Later: The Economics of Malaria Resistance

Loomis, John B.; Bell, Paul; Cooney, Helen; Asmus, Cheryl.

We estimate adults’ willingness to pay (WTP) to reduce health risks to their own or other families’ infants to test for altruism. A conjoint analysis of adults paying for bottled water found marginal WTP for reduction in risk of shock, brain damage, and mortality in the cash treatment of $2, $3.70, and $9.43, respectively. In the hypothetical market these amounts were $14, $26, and $66, indicating substantial hypothetical bias, although not unexpected due to the topic of infant health. Statistical tests confirm a high degree of altruism in our WTP results, and altruism held even when real money was involved.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Altruism; Conjoint; Drinking water; Nitrates; Validity; Willingness to pay; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; I10; Q53.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56657

Laxminarayan, Ramanan.

In the past, malaria control efforts in sub-Saharan Africa have relied on a combination of vector control and effective treatment using chloroquine. With increasing resistance to chloroquine, attention has now turned to alternative treatment strategies to replace this failing drug. Although there are strong theoretical arguments in favor of switching to more expensive artemisinin-based combination treatments (ACTs), the validity of these arguments in the face of financial constraints has not been previously analyzed. In this paper, we use a Bioeconomic model of malaria transmission and evolution of drug resistance to examine questions of optimal treatment strategy and coverage when drug resistance places an additional constraint on choices available to the...

An Economic Analysis of the Impact of Food Prices and Other Factors on Adult Lifestyles: Choices of Physical Activity and Healthy Weight

Palavras-chave: Malaria; Mathematical models; Drug resistance; Bioeconomics; Health Economics and Policy; I10; I19; C61.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10699

Chen, Yanni; Huffman, Wallace E..

This paper examines women’s and men’s decisions to participate in physical activity and to attain a healthy weight. These outcomes are hypothesized to be related to prices of food, drink and health care services and products, the respondent’s personal characteristics (such as education, reading food labels, adjusted family income, opportunity cost of time, occupation, marital status, race and ethnicity) and his or her BMI at age 25. These decisions are represented by a trivariate probit model that is fitted to data for adults in the NLSY79 panel with geocodes that have been augmented with local area food, drink and health care prices. Separate analyses are undertaken for men and women due to basic physiological differences. Results include: Women and men...

An Economic Analysis of the Impact of Food Prices and Other Factors on Adult Lifestyles: Choices of Physical Activity and Healthy Weight

Palavras-chave: Physical Activity; Obesity; Food Prices; Adult; United States; Consumer/Household Economics; Health Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital; I10; D10; J24.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49291

Chen, Yanni; Huffman, Wallace E..

This paper examines women’s and men’s decisions to participate in physical activity and to attain a healthy weight. These outcomes are hypothesized to be related to prices of food, drink and health care services and products, the respondent’s personal characteristics (such as education, reading food labels (signaling a concern for good health), adjusted family income, opportunity cost of time, occupation, marital status, race and ethnicity) and his or her BMI at age 25. These decisions are represented by a trivariate probit model that is fitted to data for adults in the NLSY79 panel with geocodes that have been augmented with local area food, drink and health care prices. Separate analyses are undertaken for men and women due to basic physiological...

Animal Health Economics. What Can It Do? What Are the Big Questions?

Palavras-chave: Physical activity; Obesity; Food prices; Adults; Developed country; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I10; D10; J24.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49987

Tisdell, Clement A..

It is argued that while considerable development of animal health economics has occurred in recent decades, it has not yet achieved its potential coverage. It has been mostly applied to livestock, particularly livestock used for commerce, and its application to a range of other animals has been relatively neglected. Extending its coverage also requires widening the type of objectives taken into account in the analysis. Furthermore, the main focus of animal health economics has been on the economics of controlling and managing the occurrence of diseases. The economic role of genetics, the environment, nutrition and the comfort of animals in their health ought to be given greater attention. In the case of zoonoses, the economic analysis should be extended to...

Ascertaining the Impact of the 2000 USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans on the Intake of Calories, Caffeine, Calcium, and Vitamin C from At-Home Consumption of Nonalcoholic Beverages

Palavras-chave: Animal health economics; Diseases; Health economics; Information economics; Precautionary principle; Public economics; Zoonoses; Farm Management; Health Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Public Economics; I10; Q19.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97472

Dharmasena, Senarath; Capps, Oral, Jr.; Clauson, Annette L..

Obesity is one of the most pressing and widely emphasized health problems in America today. Beverage choices made by households have impacts on determining the intake of calories, calcium, caffeine, and vitamin C. Using data from the Nielsen Homescan Panel over the period 1998–2003, and a two-way random-effects Fuller-Battese error components procedure, we estimate econometric models to examine economic and demographic factors affecting per-capita daily intake of calories, calcium, caffeine, and vitamin C derived from the consumption of nonalcoholic beverages. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of the USDA 2000 Dietary Guidelines in reducing caloric and nutrient intake associated with nonalcoholic beverages.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Nielsen Homescan Panel; Nonalcoholic beverages; Nutrient and caloric intake; USDA Dietary Guidelines; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D10; D12; I10; I18.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100632

Can Nutrition Labeling Affect Obesity?

Direct and Indirect Determinants of Obesity: The Case of Indonesia

Arsenault, Joanne E..

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Nutrition labeling; Food labels; Menu labeling; Obesity; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I10; Q18.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95753

Romling, Cornelia; Qaim, Matin.

Overweight and obesity are becoming serious issues in many developing countries. Since undernutrition is not completely eradicated yet, these countries face a dual burden that obstructs economic development. We analyze the nutrition transition in Indonesia using longitudinal data from the Indonesian Family and Life Survey, covering the period between 1993 and 2007. Obesity has been increasing remarkably across all population groups, including rural and low income strata. Prevalence rates are particularly high for women. We also develop a framework to analyze direct and indirect determinants of body mass index. This differentiation has rarely been made in previous research, but appears useful for policy making purposes. Regression models show that changing...

Do Environmental Interventions Impact Elementary School Students’ Lunchtime Milk Selection?

Palavras-chave: Obesity; Overweight; Nutrition Transition; Asia; Indonesia; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; I10; O12.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108350

Factors Influencing the Body Mass Index of Adults in Canada

Waite, Alexandra; Goto, Keiko; Chan, Kenny; Giovanni, Maria; Wolff, Cindy.

This research examines whether environmentally based intervention strategies increase elementary students’ selection of white milk. At intervention school one, white milk was easily accessible, but students had to ask for chocolate milk. As an outcome, students increased their selection of white milk compared to control school students (p≤0.001). At intervention school two, the visual cue of a threefold greater quantity of white compared to chocolate milk did not significantly alter selection patterns. This research indicates that requiring students to ask for an item rather than self-serve can help modify food selections and serve as a tool for obesity prevention.

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Milk consumption; School lunch; Behavioral economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; A12; I10.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123513

Fat Taxes and Thin Subsidies: Distributional Impacts and Welfare Effects

Cranfield, John A.L..

This paper explores socio-demographic, economic and behaviour factors influencing body mass index (BMI) amongst 20 to 64 year old adults in Canada. BMI scores in Canada have increased, with gains stemming from disproportionate increases in female BMI. Econometric results indicate higher BMI scores for males, those born in Canada, those in food insecure homes and whites. Age-gender interactions suggest different patterns of BMI adjustment over the life of males and females; a pronounced inverse quadratic relationship between with age and male BMI is noted, while female BMI increases with age. Education, used as a gauge of inequality, is inversely related to BMI, while income has a muted effect. BMI is inversely related to level of physical activity, an...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Obesity; BMI; Canada; Socio-demographic; Economic; Adults; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; I10; J1.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6837

Salois, Matthew J.; Tiffin, J. Richard.

The extant literature on fat taxes and thin subsidies tends to focus on the overall effectiveness of such fiscal instruments in altering diets and improving health. However, little is known about the welfare impacts of fiscal food policies on society. This paper fills a gap in the literature by assessing the distributional impacts and welfare effects resulting from a tax-subsidy combination on different food groups. Using the methods derived from marginal tax reform theory, a formal welfare economics framework is developed allowing the calculation of the distributional characteristics of various food groups and approximate welfare measures of prices changes caused by a tax-subsidy combination. The distributional characteristics reveal that many of the food...

Functional Ingredients and Food Choice: Results from a Choice Experiment

Palavras-chave: Distributional characteristic; Fat tax; Obesity; Thin subsidy; Welfare.; Health Economics and Policy; D30; D60; H20; I10; I30..

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91754

Fraser, Iain; Bitzios, Michael; Haddock-Fraser, Janet.

In this paper we present the results of a Choice Experiment (CE) conducted to examine how the inclusion of an attribute for a functional ingredient affects consumer food choice. Specifically, we examine consumer attitudes towards bread and the inclusion of a functional ingredient (eg, inulin), which can be added to bread to increase the quantity and the effectiveness of fibre in the final product A novel feature of the design of this CE was the use of Means-End-Chain analysis via semi-structured interviews to reveal key attributes to be included in the CE. In addition, the CE included the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ) so as to collect information on all participants underlying eating behaviours. Preliminary analysis of the data reveals that...

Health and Labor Force Participation of the Elderly in Taiwan

Palavras-chave: Functional Food; Bread; Choice Experiment; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I10; Q10; R22.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91755

Mete, Cem; Schultz, T. Paul.

Estimates are reported of the consequences of health on participation in the labor force of elderly men and women in Taiwan from 1989 to 1996. Three survey indicators of individual health are examined, and two are estimated by instrumental variables (IV), using as instruments parent longevity, birthplace, and childhood conditions. IV estimates of healths effect on participation are in most cases significant and always positive, and about twice the magnitude of the ordinary least squares estimates, and the hypothesis that health is exogenous and measured without error is rejected. Implementation in 1995 of a National Health Insurance (NHI) shifted to the state the growing cost of elderly health care, and reduced the incentive for elderly to work to receive...

Healthcare Choices, Information and Health Outcomes

Palavras-chave: Labor force participation; Elderly; Health status; National Health Insurance; Taiwan; Labor and Human Capital; J22; J26; I10; I18.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28470

Adhvaryu, Achyuta; Nyshadham, Anant.

Self-selection into healthcare options on the basis of severity likely biases estimates of the effects of healthcare choice on health outcomes. Using an instrumental variables strategy which exploits exogenous variation in the cost of formal-sector care, we show that using such care to treat acute sickness decreases the incidence of fever and malaria in young children in Tanzania. Compared to the instrumental variables estimates, ordinary least squares estimates significantly understate the effects of formal-sector healthcare use on health outcomes. Improved information and more timely treatment, rather than greater access to medicines, seem to be the primary mechanisms for this effect.

Household Responses to Individual Shocks: Disability and Labor Supply

Palavras-chave: Healthcare; Information; Child health; Tanzania; Health Economics and Policy; International Development; I10; I18; O10; O12.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107257

Gallipoli, Giovanni; Turner, Laura.

What are idiosyncratic shocks and how do people respond to them? This paper starts from the observation that idiosyncratic shocks are experienced at the individual level, but responses to shocks can encompass the whole household. Understanding and accurately modeling these responses is essential to the analysis of intra-household allocations, especially labor supply. Using longitudinal data from the Canadian Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) we exploit information about disability and health status to develop a life-cycle framework which rationalizes observed responses of household members to idiosyncratic shocks. Two puzzling findings associated to disability onset motivate our work: (1) the almost complete absence of `added worker' effects...

Labor Complementarities and Health in the Agricultural Household

Palavras-chave: Idiosyncratic Risk; Disability; Life Cycle Labor Supply; Intrahousehold Insurance; Labor and Human Capital; D13; I10; J12; J22.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55323

Adhvaryu, Achyuta; Nyshadham, Anant.

Models of the agricultural household have traditionally relied on assumptions regarding the complementarity or substitutability of family labor inputs. We show how data on time allocations, health shocks and corresponding treatment choices can be used to test these assumptions. Data from Tanzania provide evidence that complementarities exist and can explain the pattern of labor supply adjustments across household members and productive activities following acute sickness. In particular, we find that sick and healthy household members both shift labor away from self-employment and into farming when the sick recover more quickly. Infra-marginal adjustments within farming activity types provide further evidence of farm-specific complementarities.

Labor Supply, Schooling and the Returns to Healthcare in Tanzania

Palavras-chave: Intra-household allocation; Health shocks; Complementarity; Health Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital; I10; J22; J43; O12.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107263

Adhvaryu, Achyuta; Nyshadham, Anant.

We estimate the effects of higher quality healthcare usage on health, labor supply and schooling outcomes for sick individuals in Tanzania. Using exogenous variation in the cost of formal sector healthcare to predict treatment choice, we show that using better quality care improves health outcomes and changes the allocation of time amongst productive activities. In particular, sick adults who receive better quality care reallocate time from non-farm to farm labor, leaving total labor hours unchanged. Among sick children, school attendance significantly increases as a result of receiving higher quality healthcare, but labor allocations are unaffected. We interpret these results as evidence that healthcare has heterogeneous effects on marginal productivity...

Micro-Savings & Informal Insurance in Villages: A Field Experiment on Indirect Effects of Financial Deepening on Safety Nets of the Poor

Palavras-chave: Labor supply; Health shocks; Schooling; Tanzania; Health Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital; I10; J22; J43; O12.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107260

Flory, Jeffrey A..

Replaced with revised version of paper 07/28/11. Former title: Indirect Effects of Microfinance: A Field Experiment on Formal Savings Expansion and Informal Safety Nets of the Ultra-Poor

Modelling physical quantities of food and nutrients consumed from aggregate data – with an application to Finland

Palavras-chave: Microfinance; Formal savings; Indirect effects; Safety nets; Poverty; Food security; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Financial Economics; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; O17; O16; O12; I30; I38; I10.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103905

Irz, Xavier T..

Anticipating the impact of changes in economic incentives on dietary quality and nutritional health requires knowledge of how physical quantities of food consumed respond to price and income variations. A problem arises, however, because physical quantities are: 1- not consistent aggregates in demand models; and 2- not measured at final/retail level in national statistics. The paper develops a solution by establishing explicitly the theoretical link between composite demand and physical quantities, from which a novel empirical approach to the estimation of nutrient elasticities is derived. It is applied to Finnish aggregate data from the National Accounts and Food Balance Sheets over the 1975-2006 period, and the results are used to assess the potential...

MOVING TO THE LAND OF FROSTED CAKES AND FRIED FOOD: IMMIGRANT OBESITY IN THE U.S.

Palavras-chave: Demand analysis; Aggregation theory; Physical consumption; Nutrition; Nutrient elasticity; Finland; Fat tax; Nutritional policy.; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; I10; Q18; Q11.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50324